AP-7D (The Asian PBM seven dimensions)

Almost all preference-based measures (PBMs) were developed in Western countries. No major PBM has been developed in non-Western countries, including East and Southeast Asian countries.

A new PBM, “The Asian PBM seven dimensions” (AP-7D), was designed by concept elicitation and item selection using interview surveys on East and Southeast Asian people.

The AP-7D includes the following seven items with four levels: pain (PA), mental health (MH), energy (EN), mobility (MO), work or school (WS), interpersonal interactions (II), and burden to others (BO).

Paper on the development process can be obtained from here.

Shiroiwa T, Murata T, Ahn J, et al. Developing a New Region-Specific Preference-Based Measure in East and Southeast Asia. Value Health Reg Issues. 2022:32:62-69.

We received “Value in Health Regional Issues Paper of the Year Award” in 2023!

License policy

This instrument was co-developed by Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health (C2H) and HTAsiaLink.

License Fee: Free of Charge

Registration: No need

This instrument is licensed as CC BY-SA under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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Instrument

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Hong Kong Traditional
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Value set

Japanese value set is available from here.

Works

Shiroiwa T, Morii Y, Hoshino E, Murata T, Norman R, Mulhern B, Luo N, Rowen D, Fukuda T. Departures from health universalism? A value set of AP-7D in Japan as an attempt to develop a "culture-specific" preference-based measure. Soc Sci Med. 2026 Mar;393:119022.

Suzuki Y, Shiroiwa T, Murata T, Kamono E, Morii Y, Fukuda T. Convergent validity, reliability and responsiveness of the AP-7D and EQ-5D-5L based on the survey for the general people in five countries: a new cultural-specific preference-based measure developed in east and southeast asia. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2025 Jun 13;23(1):61.

Shiroiwa T, Murata T, Morii Y, et al. Comparison of four value sets derived using different TTO and DCE approaches: application to the new region-specific PBM, AP-7D. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2024;22(1):16.